Category of antioxidant based on solubility

Antioxidants are a class of chemical substances naturally found in food that can inhibit the formation and spread of free radicals which can be damaging in biological systems. Free radical damage may lead to cancer. Examples of antioxidants include vitamin C, vitamin E, α-carotene, licopein, selenium, polyphenol, glutathione, proxidase, cystine.

Based on their solubility, antioxidants are categorized into two groups:
*Water soluble
*Lipid soluble.

Water-soluble antioxidants, such as ascorbic acid, glutathione, and uric acid, have functions in the cell cytosol and the blood plasma.

The lipid-soluble antioxidants including vitamin E, ubiquinol and carotenoids are the examples of lipid soluble antioxidants and protect the cell membranes from lipid peroxidation. Total lipid-soluble antioxidant activity was highest in mucosa from the duodenum followed by the jejunum, with much lower activities in the ileum, ceca and colon.

Fruit juices, beverages and hot drinks are rich of antioxidants, such as polyphenols, vitamin C, vitamin E, Maillard reaction products, β -carotene, and lycopene. β - carotene can be found in many foods that are orange in color. This include sweet potatoes, carrots, cantaloupe, squash, apricots, pumpkin and mangoes.  
Category of antioxidant based on solubility

What is osteoporosis?

Osteoporosis is a disease in which bones become less dense, lose strength and are more likely to break. The bone mass is low and the structure of the bone is poor.

To use a more precise terminology, osteoporosis is a reduction in the amount of bone tissue per unit volume of anatomical bone.

The word osteoporosis is derived from the Greek osteo, meaning bones, and porosis, meaning with holes.

Osteoporosis is categorized as either primary or secondary, depending in the origin of the disease in the individual.

Primary osteoporosis, is characterized by a marked acceleration of bone mass lose, while osteoporosis is a consequential condition resulting from another disease process and/or its treatment.

Osteoporosis happens mainly to women at midlife and later, but also can happen to men and children.

Bone is a dynamic living organ that is constantly changing. The complications of osteoporosis relate to the fractures that result from the condition and therefore depend on which bone breaks.

The tree most common fractures associated with osteoporosis are the wrist, the hip (neck of femur) and vertebrae.

A major cause of osteoporosis is less than optimal bone growth during childhood and adolescence, resulting in failure to reach optimal peak bone mass.

Other causes of osteoporosis are bone loss due to a greater than expected rate of bone resorption a decreased rate of bone formation or both, resulting in less dense bone.

Nutritional factors include dietary intake of calcium and vitamin D.
What is osteoporosis?

Body composition and categories of nutrients

Body composition and categories of nutrients
The average human body contains about 20 % of fat, 15% protein, much smaller amounts of carbohydrate (perhaps I %) and large amounts of water. It also contains substantial amounts of the “major minerals,” from calcium and phosphorus down to sulfur and magnesium as well as trace quantities of most elements. The human diet reflects this compositional need, and consists of large quantities of water containing, proteinaceous, fatty, and carbohydrate foods, as well as others rich in the minerals.

The trace elements are found in connection with these other nutrients, except where extensive processing and purification has occurred. In all, one may partition the nutrients into six categories: proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, vitamins, major minerals, and trace elements. This excludes a consideration of water and oxygen as nutrients, since no special efforts are required to produce and provide them.
Body composition and categories of nutrients